MOUSE :-

Mouse is a input device that directs the position of slow moving cursor to a point very faster.

A small pointing input device used with PCs. It rolls on a flat surface and this movement guides the cursor on the display screen.

A hand-held device which when moved on a flat surface moves the cursor on a computer screen. The mouse is equipped with at least one button that is used to position the cursor or select (Click), drag and drop, and double click. In addition, it may have one or two PROGRAMMABLE BUTTONS used to perform special tasks.

PLOTTER :-

A computer peripheral that produces charts or graphs as output. It is an output device.

It is used to produce high resolution graphics and drawings by the computers. The plotters use ink pen to draw. Color pens are also utilised.

It is used to print effective graphic images. These could be Pen plotters, and Inkjet plotters.

PEN PLOTTERS :-

Pen Plotters are special purpose output devices for producing Charts, Diagrams, Architectural / Engineering drawings, three dimensional illustrations and the like. These plotters basically consists of pens filled with one or more colors. Any of these pens can be raised or lowered and moved over any point on a sheet of paper to produce the requisity drawing, diagram etc., The operation is controlled by the software which contains data in the form of X, Y coordinates. These plotters could be DRUM PLOTTERS where the paper is held between two rollers passed over a drum and the pen are moved horizontally across the length of the drum. (OR) PAPER PLOTTERS where the paper is fixed on a flat plotting table and the entire movement is provided by the pen holding carriage mechanism.

INKJET PLOTTERS :-

InkJet Plotters can produce high quality large drawings. The paper in their case is placed on a drum and jet of ink, of different colors, are mounted on a carriage. The choice of color and the amount of ink to be placed for a particular segments of the drawing are controlled by the software.

INK JET :-

INK JET technology that creates an image by spraying (you guessed it again) tiny gets of ink, has come a long way. All of those we know with ink jet printers are thrilled with their choice, but franklny we’re not all that impressed with the output. Perhaps from one of the more expensive models....

A Non-Impact printing system in which the print head moves across the surface of the copy paper, shooting a stream of tiny electrostatically charged ink drops at the page, placing them precisely to form individual print characters.

LASER PRINTER :-

A laser printer uses, you guessed it, laser technology to create an image that is transferred to a carrier, such as paper or film. The laser can’t be beat for high resolution graphics and text. Prices have come down so that some low-end laser printers costs only about twice as much as dot matrix.

TIP :-

When considering the price of a laser, check out the cost for consumables as well-toner catridges and replacement drums can be expensive.

As with most other hardware, lasers come in different flavors. They may be capable of printing at 300, 400, 600 or 1200 dpi. Anyone preparing output for reproduction should consider a 600 dpi printer; a resolution of 300 or 400 dpi is adequate, but 600 guarantees that no compromises will be made when reproducing a fine line typeface or graphic image. Some manufacturers also have proprietary systems for smoothing images so that 300 dpi output is not the same for all printers.

TIP :-

If you expect to require laser quality only occasionally, consider using a copy shop or service bureau for your laser printing. Most have high resolution printers that can output from Post Script files. Check with the vendor for exact specifications, but generally you can assign the printing to a PostScript printer, then print to a file to take to the copy shop or Service bureau.

POSTSCRIPT :-

The page description language used by Aldus, originally for the Macintosh computer. PostScript is designed to be more precise with graphics then PCL although the gap has narrowed considerably. Most Service bureaus conform to the PostScript standard.

PCL (PRINTER CONTROL PROTOCAL) :-

A common protocol for laser printers used by Hewlett-Packard and Printers compatible with H_P.

A laser printer can also transfer images to film, a handy option if much of your work goes directly to a printer. Most service bureaus can accommodate out-put to film as well.

DOT MATRIX :-

A DOT MATRIX PRINTER forms characters on page according to patterns set for each character. The resolution of a 24-Pin printer is not going to fool anyone into thinking you have a laser, especially if you try to print graphics or a fine-serif typeface, but it handles straight text well.

Dot matrix printers don’t get very much publicity anymore as vendors hype the newer technologies, and it’s understandable, because the printer itself and its consumable are the least expensive of any printer. In addition to handling text well, it will outperform other types of printers for some jobs. Near letter quality (NLQ) or Typewriter emulation from a 24-pin printer is satisfactory for normal correspondence and the printing speed in draft mode puts a laser to shame.

If you indend to print continuous forms such as checks or long accounting reports, the dot matrix printer is your best choice.

NLQ (NEAR LETTER QUALITY) :-

A designation of the ability of a printer to emulate the quality of a typewriter.

PRINTERS

Printers that allow us to present the results of our work.

The printer is classified in two types 1. IMPACT 2. NON-IMPACT

IMPACT PRINTER :-

A Printer that creates an image by striking an inked ribbon that transfers an image to the paper or other carrier.

NON-IMPACT PRINTER :-

The Non-Impact printer does not have any mechanism to strike. It uses the chemical, thermal electrostatic, laser beam or inkjet technology for printing. Non-Impact types are normally faster that the impact printers.

A printer that creates images on paper without physical impact between the print head and the paper.

• Dot Matrix - IMPACT PRINTER

• Laser - Non - Impact Printer

• Ink Jet - Non - Impact Printer

1-1-3 : CMOS Read / Write Failure
1-1-4 : ROM BIOS Checksum
1-2-1 : Programmable Interval Timer
1-2-2 : DMA Initialization
1-2-3 : DMA Page Register
1-2-4 : SRAM Test
1-3-1 : DRAM Refresh
1-3-3 : 1St 64K RAM chip or data line
1-3-4 : First 64K Even / Odd logic
1-4-1 : Address Line Failure
1-4-2 : Parity Failure
2-1-1 : Bit 0 first 64K RAM
2-1-2 : Bit 1 first 64K RAM
2-1-3 : Bit 2 first 64K RAM
2-1-4 : Bit 3 first 64K RAM
2-1-5 : Bit 4 first 64K RAM
2-1-6 : Bit 5 first 64K RAM
2-1-7 : Bit 6 first 64K RAM
2-1-8 : Bit 7 first 64K RAM

1 Short :DRAM Refresh

2 Short :Base 64K RAM

3 Short :Base 64K RAM

4 Short :System Timer

5 Short :Processor

6 Short :Keyboard Controller Gate A20 Error

7 Short :Virtual Mode Exception Error

8 Short :Display Memory Read / Write Test

9 Short :ROM BIOS checksum

10 Short:CMOS Battery Failure

11 Short:CMOS RTCC Failure

COMMON BEEP CODES AND ITS DESCRIPTIONS

NO BEEP_____________________ :Power Supply, System Board

CONTINUOUS BEEP__________ :Power Supply, System Board

REPEATING SHORT BEEPS
1 Long, 1 Short________________ :System Board
1 Long, 2 or 3 short____________:Display Adapter
1 Short_______________________ :System OK
2 Short_______________________ :POST Error displayed on Monitor

1. FUNCTION WIZARD____________ : SHIFT + F3
2. HELP___________________________ : SHIFT + F1
3. CELL NOTE_____________________ : SHIFT + F2
4. COME TO A1 ALL ACTION______ : SHIFT + F4
5. FIND___________________________ : SHIFT + F5
6. RIGHT CLICK__________________ : SHIFT + F10
7. INSERT SHEET_________________ : SHIFT + F11
8. SAVE AS _______________________ : SHIFT + F12
9. DECEMAL NUMBER____________ : CTRL + SHIFT + 1
10. DECREASE DECEMAL__________ : CTRL + SHIFT + ~`
11. BOX____________________________ : CTRL + SHIFT + 7
12. SELECT ALL____________________ : CTRL + SHIFT + 8
13. INSERT ROW___________________ : CTRL + SHIFT + =
14. DELETE ONE ROW COLUMN___ : CTRL + SHIFT + MOUSE HOLD
15. SHRINK PANE_________________ : CTRL + `
16. FREEZE PANE__________________ : CTRL + `
17. FORMAT CELLS________________ : CTRL + 1
18. COPY FORMULA TO ROW______ : CTRL + R
19. COPY FOMULA TO COLUMN___ : CTRL + D
20. HIDE LINE_____________________ : CTRL + 9
21. HIDE COLUMN_________________ : CTRL + 0
22. DELETE ROW__________________ : CTRL + -
23. INSERT ROW__________________ : CTRL + +
24. DATE__________________________ : CTRL + ;
25. INFORMATION________________ : CTRL + F2
26. DEFINE NAME _________________ : CTRL + F3
27. FILE CLOSE____________________ : CTRL + F4
28. CHANGE CHILD WINDOW _____ : CTRL + F9, F10, F6
29. INSERT MACRO SHEET_________ : CTRL + F11
30. FILE OPEN_____________________ : CTRL + F12
31. SELECT ON FULL COLUMN_____ : CTRL + SPACE BAR
32. CHANGE SHEET_______________ : CTRL + PAGEUP, PAGE DOWN
33. AUTO SUM_____________________ : ALT + =
34. MAINWINDOW_________________ : ALT + -
35. WRAP TEXT_____________________ : ALT + ENTER
36. CHANGE WINDOW_____________ : CTRL + ALT + 1
37. OPEN___________________________ : CTRL + ALT + F2

1.PAGE BREAK_________CTRL + INSERT

2.PAGE BREAK_________ALT + ENTER

3.DELETE PAGE________CTRL + DELETE

4.COPY_______________CTRL + C “AND” CTRL + SHIFT + DELETE

5.CUT________________CTRL + X “AND” SHIFT + DELETE

6.PASTE______________SHIFT + INSERT “AND” CTRL + V

7.UNDO_______________CTRL + Z “AND” CTRL + BACKSPACE

8.REDO_______________CTRL + Y “AND”ALT + BACKSPACE

9.BOLD_______________CTRL + B “AND” CTRL+SHIFT+B

10.ITALIC____________CTRL + I “AND”CTRL+SHIFT+I

11.UNDERLINE_________CTRL + U “AND”CTRL+SHIFT+I

12.PRINT_____________CTRL + P

13.PRINT PREVIEW_____CTRL+ALT+I

14.STYLE_____________CTRL+ALT+S

15.FONT SIZE_________CTRL+SHIFT+P

16.FONT NAME_________CTRL+SHIFT+F

17.FONT______________CTRL + D

18.INCREASE FONT SIZE_CTRL + ] “AND” CTRL + SHIFT + .

19.DECREASE FONT SIZE_CTRL + [ “AND” CTRL + SHIFT + ,

20.BULLET NUMBER_____CTRL+SHIFT+L

21.NORMAL VIEW_______CTRL+ALT+N

22.PAGE LAYOUT_______CTRL+ALT+P

23.LEFT ALIGN________CTRL + L

24.RIGHT ALIGN_______CTRL + R

25.CENTER ALIGN______CTRL + E

26.JUSTIFY___________CTRL + J

27.SINGLE LINE SPACE_CTRL + 1

28.1.5 LINE SPACE ___CTRL + 5

29.DOUBLE LINE SPACE_CTRL + 2

30.MULTIPLE LINE SPACE_CTRL + 0

31.SAVE_____________CTRL + S

32.SINGLE UNDERLINE_CTRL + U

33.DOUBLE UNDERLINE_CTRL+SHIFT+D

34.UNDERLINE WORD BY WORD_CTRL + SHIFT + W

35.SINGLE WORD______CTRL + U

36.CHANGE CAPS _____CTRL+SHIFT+A

37.SET TAB__________CTRL + T

38.RELEASE TAB______CTRL + SHIFT + T

39.SET MARGIN_______CTRL + M

40.RELEASE MARGIN___CTRL + SHIFT + M